深度链接
概述
本指南将带您完成将您的 Electron 应用设置为特定 协议 的默认处理程序的过程。
在本教程结束时,我们将设置我们的应用以拦截并处理以特定协议开头的任何单击的 URL。在本指南中,我们将使用的协议将是“electron-fiddle://
”。
示例
主进程 (main.js)
首先,我们将从 electron
中导入所需的模块。这些模块有助于控制我们的应用程序生命周期并创建本地浏览器窗口。
const { app, BrowserWindow, shell } = require('electron')
const path = require('node:path')
接下来,我们将继续注册我们的应用程序以处理所有“electron-fiddle://
”协议。
if (process.defaultApp) {
if (process.argv.length >= 2) {
app.setAsDefaultProtocolClient('electron-fiddle', process.execPath, [path.resolve(process.argv[1])])
}
} else {
app.setAsDefaultProtocolClient('electron-fiddle')
}
现在我们将定义负责创建我们的浏览器窗口并加载应用程序的 index.html
文件的函数。
let mainWindow
const createWindow = () => {
// Create the browser window.
mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({
width: 800,
height: 600,
webPreferences: {
preload: path.join(__dirname, 'preload.js')
}
})
mainWindow.loadFile('index.html')
}
在接下来的步骤中,我们将创建我们的 BrowserWindow
并告诉我们的应用程序如何处理单击外部协议的事件。
此代码在 Windows 和 Linux 中与 macOS 不同。这是因为这两个平台都发出 second-instance
事件而不是 open-url
事件,并且 Windows 需要额外的代码才能在同一个 Electron 实例中打开协议链接的内容。阅读更多关于此这里。
Windows 和 Linux 代码:
const gotTheLock = app.requestSingleInstanceLock()
if (!gotTheLock) {
app.quit()
} else {
app.on('second-instance', (event, commandLine, workingDirectory) => {
// Someone tried to run a second instance, we should focus our window.
if (mainWindow) {
if (mainWindow.isMinimized()) mainWindow.restore()
mainWindow.focus()
}
// the commandLine is array of strings in which last element is deep link url
dialog.showErrorBox('Welcome Back', `You arrived from: ${commandLine.pop()}`)
})
// Create mainWindow, load the rest of the app, etc...
app.whenReady().then(() => {
createWindow()
})
}
MacOS 代码:
// This method will be called when Electron has finished
// initialization and is ready to create browser windows.
// Some APIs can only be used after this event occurs.
app.whenReady().then(() => {
createWindow()
})
// Handle the protocol. In this case, we choose to show an Error Box.
app.on('open-url', (event, url) => {
dialog.showErrorBox('Welcome Back', `You arrived from: ${url}`)
})
最后,我们将添加一些额外的代码来处理有人关闭我们的应用程序的情况。
// Quit when all windows are closed, except on macOS. There, it's common
// for applications and their menu bar to stay active until the user quits
// explicitly with Cmd + Q.
app.on('window-all-closed', () => {
if (process.platform !== 'darwin') app.quit()
})
重要说明
打包
在 macOS 和 Linux 上,此功能仅在打包应用程序时才有效。在从命令行启动开发中的应用程序时,它将不起作用。当您打包应用程序时,您需要确保更新应用程序的 macOS Info.plist
文件和 Linux .desktop
文件以包含新的协议处理程序。一些用于捆绑和分发应用程序的 Electron 工具会为您处理此操作。
Electron Forge
如果您使用的是 Electron Forge,请在您的 Forge 配置 中调整 packagerConfig
以支持 macOS,以及为 Linux 支持调整相应的 Linux 制造商的配置(请注意以下示例仅显示添加配置更改所需的最低限度)
{
"config": {
"forge": {
"packagerConfig": {
"protocols": [
{
"name": "Electron Fiddle",
"schemes": ["electron-fiddle"]
}
]
},
"makers": [
{
"name": "@electron-forge/maker-deb",
"config": {
"mimeType": ["x-scheme-handler/electron-fiddle"]
}
}
]
}
}
}
Electron Packager
对于 macOS 支持
如果您使用的是 Electron Packager 的 API,添加对协议处理程序的支持类似于 Electron Forge 的处理方式,只是 protocols
是传递给 packager
函数的 Packager 选项的一部分。
const packager = require('@electron/packager')
packager({
// ...other options...
protocols: [
{
name: 'Electron Fiddle',
schemes: ['electron-fiddle']
}
]
}).then(paths => console.log(`SUCCESS: Created ${paths.join(', ')}`))
.catch(err => console.error(`ERROR: ${err.message}`))
如果您使用的是 Electron Packager 的 CLI,请使用 --protocol
和 --protocol-name
标志。例如
npx electron-packager . --protocol=electron-fiddle --protocol-name="Electron Fiddle"
结论
启动 Electron 应用后,您可以在浏览器中输入包含自定义协议的 URL,例如 "electron-fiddle://open"
,并观察应用程序将响应并显示错误对话框。
- main.js
- preload.js
- index.html
- renderer.js
// Modules to control application life and create native browser window
const { app, BrowserWindow, ipcMain, shell, dialog } = require('electron/main')
const path = require('node:path')
let mainWindow
if (process.defaultApp) {
if (process.argv.length >= 2) {
app.setAsDefaultProtocolClient('electron-fiddle', process.execPath, [path.resolve(process.argv[1])])
}
} else {
app.setAsDefaultProtocolClient('electron-fiddle')
}
const gotTheLock = app.requestSingleInstanceLock()
if (!gotTheLock) {
app.quit()
} else {
app.on('second-instance', (event, commandLine, workingDirectory) => {
// Someone tried to run a second instance, we should focus our window.
if (mainWindow) {
if (mainWindow.isMinimized()) mainWindow.restore()
mainWindow.focus()
}
dialog.showErrorBox('Welcome Back', `You arrived from: ${commandLine.pop().slice(0, -1)}`)
})
// Create mainWindow, load the rest of the app, etc...
app.whenReady().then(() => {
createWindow()
})
app.on('open-url', (event, url) => {
dialog.showErrorBox('Welcome Back', `You arrived from: ${url}`)
})
}
function createWindow () {
// Create the browser window.
mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({
width: 800,
height: 600,
webPreferences: {
preload: path.join(__dirname, 'preload.js')
}
})
mainWindow.loadFile('index.html')
}
// Quit when all windows are closed, except on macOS. There, it's common
// for applications and their menu bar to stay active until the user quits
// explicitly with Cmd + Q.
app.on('window-all-closed', function () {
if (process.platform !== 'darwin') app.quit()
})
// Handle window controls via IPC
ipcMain.on('shell:open', () => {
const pageDirectory = __dirname.replace('app.asar', 'app.asar.unpacked')
const pagePath = path.join('file://', pageDirectory, 'index.html')
shell.openExternal(pagePath)
})
const { contextBridge, ipcRenderer } = require('electron/renderer')
contextBridge.exposeInMainWorld('shell', {
open: () => ipcRenderer.send('shell:open')
})
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<!-- https://mdn.org.cn/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CSP -->
<meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy" content="default-src 'self'; script-src 'self'">
<meta http-equiv="X-Content-Security-Policy" content="default-src 'self'; script-src 'self'">
<title>app.setAsDefaultProtocol Demo</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>App Default Protocol Demo</h1>
<p>The protocol API allows us to register a custom protocol and intercept existing protocol requests.</p>
<p>These methods allow you to set and unset the protocols your app should be the default app for. Similar to when a
browser asks to be your default for viewing web pages.</p>
<p>Open the <a href="https://www.electron.js.cn/docs/latest/api/protocol">full protocol API documentation</a> in your
browser.</p>
-----
<h3>Demo</h3>
<p>
First: Launch current page in browser
<button id="open-in-browser" class="js-container-target demo-toggle-button">
Click to Launch Browser
</button>
</p>
<p>
Then: Launch the app from a web link!
<a href="electron-fiddle://open">Click here to launch the app</a>
</p>
----
<p>You can set your app as the default app to open for a specific protocol. For instance, in this demo we set this app
as the default for <code>electron-fiddle://</code>. The demo button above will launch a page in your default
browser with a link. Click that link and it will re-launch this app.</p>
<h3>Packaging</h3>
<p>This feature will only work on macOS when your app is packaged. It will not work when you're launching it in
development from the command-line. When you package your app you'll need to make sure the macOS <code>plist</code>
for the app is updated to include the new protocol handler. If you're using <code>@electron/packager</code> then you
can add the flag <code>--extend-info</code> with a path to the <code>plist</code> you've created. The one for this
app is below:</p>
<p>
<h5>macOS plist</h5>
<pre><code>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
<key>CFBundleURLTypes</key>
<array>
<dict>
<key>CFBundleURLSchemes</key>
<array>
<string>electron-api-demos</string>
</array>
<key>CFBundleURLName</key>
<string>Electron API Demos Protocol</string>
</dict>
</array>
<key>ElectronTeamID</key>
<string>VEKTX9H2N7</string>
</dict>
</plist>
</code>
</pre>
<p>
<!-- You can also require other files to run in this process -->
<script src="./renderer.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
// This file is required by the index.html file and will
// be executed in the renderer process for that window.
// All APIs exposed by the context bridge are available here.
// Binds the buttons to the context bridge API.
document.getElementById('open-in-browser').addEventListener('click', () => {
window.shell.open()
})